Black brant (Branta bernicula nigricans)
Case study in preparation
Case study in preparation
Paper in preparation
United States Geological Survey
Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus)
Shellfishery management changing habitat area
Shellfishery management needs to reserve up to 8 times more shellfish biomass than consumed by Oystercatcher populations.
Goss-Custard, J.D., Stillman, R.A., West, A.D., Caldow, R.W.G., Triplet, P., le V dit Durell, S.E.A. and McGrorty, S., 2004. When enough is not enough: shorebirds and shellfishing. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B. Biological sciences, 271(1536): 233-237.
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus)
Extreme cold weather increasing energy requirements, plus a recreation, shellfishery and unspecified drivers causing disturbance
Disturbance from human activities more likely to reduce shorebird survival when feeding conditions or weather poor.
Goss-Custard, J.D., Triplet, P., Sueur, F. and West, A.D., 2006. Critical thresholds of disturbance by people and raptors in foraging wading birds. Biological Conservation, 127(1): 88-97.
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
Dunlin (Calidris alpina), Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata), Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus)
Hunting, cockle fishing, human recreation, Spartina encroachment, changing sediment levels
Intertidal hunting, shellfishing of large prey, and many short-term (rather than fewer long-term) disturbances had greatest negative effects on shorebird survival.
Durell, S. E. A. le V. dit, Stillman, R. A., Triplet, P., Desprez, M., Fagot, C., Loquet, N., Sueur, F. & Goss-Custard, J. D. (2008) Using an individual-based model to inform estuary management in the Baie de Somme, France. Oryx, 42, 265-277.
European Commission. Project number: EVK2-2000-00612
Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus)
Shellfishery management and extreme weather, changing habitat area and availability, food availability, plus an increase in energy requirements
Current shellfishing intensity does not reduce Oystercatcher survival, but reduced fishable size or increased daily quota could.
Stillman, R.A., Goss-Custard, J.D., West, A.D., Durell, S.E.A.L.V.D., Caldow, R.W.G., McGrorty, S. and Clarke, R.T., 2000. Predicting mortality in novel environments: tests and sensitivity of a behaviour-based model. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37(4): 564-588.
Stillman, R.A., Goss-Custard, J.D., West, A.D., Durell, S.E.A.L.V.D., McGrorty, S., Caldow, R.W.G., Norris, K.J., Johnstone, I.G., Ens, B.J., Van Der Meer, J. and Triplet, P., 2001. Predicting shorebird mortality and population size under different regimes of shellfishery management. Journal of Applied Ecology, 38(4): 857-868.
Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Fisheries and the Natural Environment Research Council
Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus)
Shellfishery management changing habitat area
Shellfishery management needs to reserve up to 8 times more shellfish biomass than consumed by Oystercatcher populations.
Goss-Custard, J.D., Stillman, R.A., West, A.D., Caldow, R.W.G., Triplet, P., le V dit Durell, S.E.A. and McGrorty, S., 2004. When enough is not enough: shorebirds and shellfishing. Proceedings. Biological sciences, 271(1536): 233-237.
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
Dark-bellied brent goose (Branta bernicla bernicla)
Human recreation and extreme weather changing habitat area, habitat availability, food availability and energy requirements
Loss of terrestrial habitat has greater impact on brent goose than loss of intertidal habitat.
Stillman, R.A., West, A.D., le V dit Durell, S.E.A., Caldow, W.R.G., McGrorty, S., Yates, M.G., Garbutt, R.A., Yates, T.J., Rispin, W.E. and Frost, N.J., 2005. Estuary Special Protection Areas – Establishing baseline targets for shorebirds, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Dorchester, Dorset.
English Nature
Bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica), Black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), Dunlin (Calidris alpina), Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata), Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), Grey plover (Pluvialis squatarola)
Human recreation, sea-level rise and extreme weather, affecting habitat area and availability, food availability and energy requirements
Terrestrial habitat loss, sea-level rise and reduced temperature can reduce shorebird survival, but effects vary between species.
Stillman, R.A., West, A.D., dit Durell, S.E.A.V, Caldow, W.R.G., McGrorty, S., Yates, M.G., Garbutt, R.A., Yates, T.J., Rispin, W.E. and Frost, N.J., 2005. Estuary Special Protection Areas – Establishing baseline targets for shorebirds, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Dorchester, Dorset. Stillman, R.A., Caldow, R.W.G., le V. dit Durell, S.E.A., West, A.D., McGrorty, S., Goss-Custard, J.D., Pérez-Hurtado, A., Castro, M., Estrella, S., Masero, J.A., Rodríguez-Pascual, F.H., Triplet, P., Loquet, N., Desprez, M., Fritz, H., Clausen, P., Ebbinge, B., Norris, K. and Mattison, E., 2005. Coastal bird diversity. Maintaining migratory coastal bird diversity: management through individual-based predictive population modelling. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Winfrith Newburgh, Dorset.
Durell, S.E.A.L.V.d., Stillman, R.A., McGrorty, S., West, A.D. and Price, D.J., 2007. Predicting the effect of local and global environmental change on shorebirds: a case study on the Exe estuary, U.K. Wader Study Group Bulletin, 112: 24-36.
European Commission, English Nature
Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus)
Shellfishery management changing habitat area and availability, plus food quality
Current mussel biomass sufficient to support Oystercatcher population. Increased mussel lay area and extra food from mussel discards would further benefit Oystercatcher.
Stillman, R.A., Goss-Custard, J.D. and Wood, K.A., 2014. Predicting the mussel food requirements of oystercatchers in the Exe Estuary, Bournemouth University / Natural England, Bournemouth / Exeter.
Natural England. IPENS programme (LIFE11NAT/UK/000384IPENS) which is financially supported by LIFE, a financial instrument of the European Community.
Bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica), Black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), Common redshank (Tringa totanus), Dunlin (Calidris alpina), Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata), Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), Grey plover (Pluvialis squatarola), Turnstone (Arenaria interpres)
Unspecified driver and sea-level rise changing habitat area and habitat availability time
Habitat loss and sea-level rise can reduce shorebird survival, but effects vary between species.
Bowgen, K.M., 2016. Predicting the effect of environmental change on wading birds: insights from individual-based models. PhD thesis, Bournemouth University in collaboration with HR Wallingford.
Bournemouth University and HR Wallingford
Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus)
Shellfishery management changing food density / quality
Shellfishing impacts on oystercatcher can be reduced by harvesting during winter based on recalculations of the requirements of the birds.
Goss-Custard, J.D., Bowgen, K.M. and Stillman, R.A., 2019. Increasing the harvest for mussels Mytilus edulis without harming oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 612: 101-110.
Bournemouth University
Bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica), Black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), Common redshank (Tringa totanus), Dunlin (Calidris alpina), Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata), Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), Grey plover (Pluvialis squatarola), Red knot (Calidris canutus), Ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula)
Port development and sea-level rise changing habitat area and habitat availability time
Sea-level rise and port development can reduce shorebird survival if feeding conditions poor.
Stillman, R. A., West, A. D., Goss-Custard, J. D., McGrorty, S., Frost, N. J., Morrisey, D. J., Kenny, A. J. & Drewitt, A. L. (2005) Predicting site quality for shorebird communities: a case study on the Humber estuary, UK. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 305, 203-217.
ABP Marine Environmental Research and English Nature
Bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica), Black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), Common redshank (Tringa totanus), Dunlin (Calidris alpina), Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata), Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), Grey plover (Pluvialis squatarola), Red knot (Calidris canutus), Sanderling (Calidris alba), Turnstone (Arenaria interpres)
Unspecified driver and sea-level rise changing habitat area and habitat availability time
Habitat loss and sea-level rise can reduce shorebird survival, but effects vary between species.
Bowgen, K.M., 2016. Predicting the effect of environmental change on wading birds: insights from individual-based models. PhD thesis, Bournemouth University in collaboration with HR Wallingford.
Bournemouth University and HR Wallingford
Black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), Common redshank (Tringa totanus), Dunlin (Calidris alpina), Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata), Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus)
Unspecified drivers affecting loss of terrestrial habitats and food supply, plus sea-level rise and extreme weather, changing habitat area and availability time, food quality and energy requirements
Terrestrial habitat loss and sea-level rise can reduce shorebird survival, but effects vary between species.
Stillman, R.A., West, A.D., dit Durell, S.E.A.V., Caldow, W.R.G., McGrorty, S., Yates, M.G., Garbutt, R.A., Yates, T.J., Rispin, W.E. and Frost, N.J., 2005. Estuary Special Protection Areas – Establishing baseline targets for shorebirds, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Dorchester, Dorset.
Durell, S.E.A.L.V.d., Stillman, R.A., Caldow, R.W.G., McGrorty, S., West, A.D. and Humphreys, J., 2006. Modelling the effect of environmental change on shorebirds: A case study on Poole Harbour, UK. Biological Conservation, 131(3): 459-473.
English Nature
Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus)
Invasive species changing food density / quality
Presence of non-native shellfish, by providing additional food, can increase Oystercatcher survival.
Caldow, R.W.G., Stillman, R.A., dit Durell, S., West, A.D., McGrorty, S., Goss-Custard, J.D., Wood, P.J. and Humphreys, J., 2007. Benefits to shorebirds from invasion of a non-native shellfish. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 274(1616): 1449-1455.
English Nature
Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta)
Sea-level rise and shoreline change, plus sensitivity tests changing habitat area and availability time and food quality
Sea-level rise can reduce avocet survival, but mitigation by creation of non-tidal lagoon can offset this.
Ross, K.E., 2013. Investigating the physical and ecological drivers of change in a coastal ecosystem: From individual-to population-scale impacts. PhD thesis, Bournemouth University.
Bournemouth University and HR Wallingford
Bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica), Black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), Common redshank (Tringa totanus), Dunlin (Calidris alpina), Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata), Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), Grey plover (Pluvialis squatarola)
Unspecified driver, sea-level rise and regime shifts changing habitat area, habitat availability time and food quality
Habitat loss, sea-level rise and changes in invertebrate communities (especially loss of larger prey) can reduce shorebird survival, but effects vary between species.
Bowgen, K.M., Stillman, R.A. and Herbert, R.J.H., 2015. Predicting the effect of invertebrate regime shifts on wading birds: Insights from Poole Harbour, UK. Biological Conservation, 186: 60-68.
Bowgen, K.M., 2016. Predicting the effect of environmental change on wading birds: insights from individual-based models. PhD thesis, Bournemouth University in collaboration with HR Wallingford.
Bournemouth University and HR Wallingford
Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus)
Shellfishery management changing food density / quality
Increased shellfishing intensity does not reduce Oystercatcher survival rate.
Clarke, L.J., 2018. Ecosystem impacts of intertidal invertebrate harvesting: from benthic habitats to bird predators. PhD thesis, Bournemouth University.
Bournemouth University, Natural England and Southern Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority (SIFCA)
Bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica), Black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), Common redshank (Tringa totanus), Dunlin (Calidris alpina), Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata), Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), Grey plover (Pluvialis squatarola)
Human activity, sea-level rise and prey availability, changing habitat area and availability time and food quality
Increased disturbance from human activities only reduces shorebird survival if associated with decline in site quality.
Collop, C., 2016. Impact of human disturbance on coastal birds: Population consequences derived from behavioural responses. PhD thesis, Bournemouth University.
British Association for Shooting and Conservation and Bournemouth University